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{\huge \BB{GCOE International Summer School}}
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{\LARGE $B!!!!(B  }

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{\LARGE \BB{Hadrons and Nuclei under Extreme Conditions}}


{\LARGE \BB{(HANEC2010)}}

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{\huge \BB{Abstract}}


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{\LARGE Sep. 16-17, 2010 \\
O-Okayama Campus, Tokyo Institute of Technology}

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{\Large Web page : http://gcoe.phys.titech.ac.jp/conference/detail.php?id=19}
 
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J.A. Tostevin (Surrey/Tokyo Tech)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BReaction tools for the study of exotic nuclei : theory and applications$B!I(B}

K. Ogata (Kyushu)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BQuantum scattering of three particles in stars: new understanding of the formation of $^{12}$C$B!I(B}

T. Motobayashi (RIKEN)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BNuclear processes in stellar burning$B!I(B}

M. Takechi (RIKEN)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BStudy of Nuclear size for Exotic nuclei via Reaction Cross Sections$B!I(B}

D. Jido (YITP)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BBaryon resonance in chiral dynamics  - Kaonic few-body systems -$B!I(B}

K. Sasaki (Tokyo Tech)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(B$S$-wave $\pi K$ scattering length from lattice QCD$B!I(B}

F. Sanftl (Tokyo Tech)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BStudy of antiquarks in the proton with a high energy Drell-Yan experiment$B!I(B}

S. Uechi (RCNP, Osaka)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BExtended chiral $(\sigma,\pi,\omega)$ mean-field model with Vacuum Fluctuation Corrections$B!I(B}

B. Mohanty (VECC/LBNL)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BResults from the RHIC Experiments$B!I(B}

A. Macchiavelli (LBL)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BPairing Correlations in Atomic Nuclei$B!I(B}

T. Matsumoto (Hokkaido)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BSystematic analyses of three-body and four-body breakup reactions$B!I(B}

Y. Ichikawa (RIKEN)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(Bg-factor measurement for isomeric state of $^{32}$Al \\
$B!!!!!!(Busing two-step fragmentation reaction with dispersion matching$B!I(B}

N. Kobayashi (Tokyo Tech)\\
$B!!!!(B{\it $B!H(BInclusive Coulomb and nuclear breakup of $^{31}$Ne and $^{22}$C$B!I(B}


\newpage



\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Reaction tools for the study of exotic nuclei: theory and applications}}
\\
Jeff Tostevin
\\
{\it TIT/ University of Surrey, U.K}
 \end{center}



Atomic nuclei are complex many-body quantum systems composed, uniquely, of two
Fermi fluids. Exotic nuclei, with very different neutron (N) to proton (Z) number ratios
from the stable nuclei, provide an opportunity to study this strongly-interacting quantum
behaviour in systems with large Fermi-surface asymmetries. These two lectures will
discuss specific aspects of this highly international activity. Since the exotic nuclei are
short-lived and produced most efficiently as fast secondary particle beams, this involves
the interface between experiment and theoretical nuclear structure and reactions
models. The first lecture will review essential features of nuclear shell structure and
introduce why evolution from normal neutron to proton number ratios leads to changes
to (i) our (textbook) understanding of nuclear stability and structures, (ii) to novel
features such as the nuclear halo and (iii) that these changes are of importance
astrophysically. The lecture will then concentrate on the simplifications to the description
of nuclear collisions that arise at intermediate energies (100 MeV per nucleon, or more)
and how these can be exploited to deduce structure information on short-lived nuclei;
e.g. the occupation of quantum orbitals by nucleons or pairs of nucleons near the two
(displaced) Fermi surfaces. The second lecture will then show how these ideas are
being used. It will discuss a number of specific recent reaction studies, including oneand
two-nucleon removal from and nucleon pickup by exotic nuclei. These are chosen
to illustrative the capability of the techniques to (a) determine structure information, e.g.
the reduction of shell gaps, the ordering of the nucleonic quantum levels and (b) to also
assess nuclear structure models, such as the shell model and its effective interactions.\\
An introduction can be found at: http://www.nucleartheory.net/NPG/papers/NPN.pdf


\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Quantum scattering of three particles in stars:\\
new understanding of the formation of $^{12}$C}}
\\
Kazuyuki Ogata
\\
{\it Kyushu University}
 \end{center}

One of the most important subjects of nuclear physics is
to understand the origin of the elements surrounding us.
In this talk I focus on $^{12}$C, an essential element for life.
It is well known that $^{12}$C is formed from three alpha (\4He)
particles in stars. Theoretical description of this reaction,
however, has been oversimplified. I will explain how to
formulate reaction rate of a ternary process, which begins
with three-body scattering states, using the continuum-
discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC). The reaction
rate of the $^{12}$C formation process is calculated with the
accurate picture of the three-body quantum scattering.
The new rate is markedly larger than the previous one by
more than 20 orders of magnitude at $10^7$ K. I will clarify
where this difference comes from, by explaining what the
previous model assumed. This study will lead one to new
understanding of the "origin" of $^{12}$C.


\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Nuclear processes in stellar burning}}
\\
Tohru Motobayashi
\\
{\it RIKEN Nishina Center}
 \end{center}


\noindent
In the universe, nuclear processes have been playing important roles in
various aspects. They generate energy to make stars shine, they synthesize
chemical elements which we see now, and so on. The circumstance of these
nuclear processes has a large variety, from dense nuclear matter supposed to
be realized in neutron stars or in the core-collapse phase of supernovae, to
very thin inter-stellar medium where high-energy spallation reactions take
place. Vast knowledge on nucleus, sometimes beyond the reach of the present
nuclear physics, is required to wholly understand various astrophysical
phenomena.

One of the current research-subjects drawing much interest is the explosive nuclear burning.  In high-temperature and high-density stellar plasma, a short-lived nucleus can react with a nucleon or a nucleus before it decays. Experimental study on elementary processes involving unstable nuclei is difficult, because they cannot be served as targets for reaction experiments or even creation of them is not possible in many cases.  Attempts to overcome these difficulties have been made in the last few decades by construction of facilities for producing beams of unstable nuclei and development of new experimental methods.  New-generation facilities, including the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN, are expected to enhance the study of explosive burning. For example, most of the nuclei involved in the r-process, the process that creates about half of elements beyond iron, will be produced at RIBF.


\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Study of Nuclear size for Exotic nuclei via Reaction Cross Sections}}
\\
M.Takechi
\\
{\it RIKEN Nishina Center}
 \end{center}




Nuclear size is one of the most basic physical quantities in the  
nucleus, and a number of radii for unstable nuclei have been studied  
through the measurements of interaction cross sections at high  
energies, using the Glauber-type calculation to investigate halo and  
skin
structures of exotic nuclei. In the present talk, very recent studies  
of nuclear size for C isotopes at RIPS and Ne isotopes at RIBF will be  
presented.

Moreover, A newly modified method to deduce nucleon density  
distributions from the energy dependences of reaction cross sections  
at intermediate energies, which has been developed through the precise  
measurements of reaction cross sections and through some modifications  
of Glauber-type calculation will be introduced. and future plan to  
measure nucleon density distributions of exotic nuclei will be also  
presented.

\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Baryon resonance in chiral dynamics\\
- Kaonic few-body systems -}}
\\
D. Jido
\\
{\it Yukawa Institute, Kyoto University}
 \end{center}

Our interest in the structure of baryon resonances has increased in the last
decade since the experimental progress in measurements of hadron scattering
has brought very precise and wide energy range data. Also in the theoretical
side, recently, a powerful description of baryon resonances has been
developed, 
being based on coupled-channels approaches and chiral dynamics. In
this lecture, we will shortly review this recent developments, explaining the
basic essences of the description. For the application of this technique, we
discuss the structure of the $\Lambda(1405)$ resonance, which is now to be believed a
hadronic quasibound state of $\bar{K}N$. We also discuss a recent extension of this
idea that anti-kaon and nucleon form a two-body hadronic bound state, in
which we propose possible three-body quasibound states, $\bar{K}KN$ and $\bar{K}KK$,
as analogue states of the famous $\bar{K}NN$.



\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{$S$-wave $\pi K$ scattering length from lattice QCD}}
\\
Kiyoshi Sasaki
\\
{\it Tokyo Institute of Technology}
 \end{center}





The $S$-wave $\pi K$ scattering lengths are calculated for both the isospin 
1/2 and 3/2 channels in the lattice QCD by using the finite size formula. 
We perform the calculation with $N_f=2+1$ gauge configurations generated 
on $32^3 \times 64$ lattice using the Iwasaki gauge action and nonperturbatively 
$O(a)$-improved Wilson action at $1/a = 2.17$ GeV. The quark masses correspond 
to $m_\pi = 0.30 - 0.70$ GeV. For $I=1/2$, to separate the contamination from 
excited states, we construct a $2 \times 2$ matrix of the time correlation function 
and diagonalize it. Here, we adopt the two kinds of operators, $\bar{s}u$ 
and $\pi K$. It is found that the signs of the scattering lengths are in 
agreement with experiment, namely attraction in $I=1/2$ and repulsion in $I=3/2$. 
We investigate the quark-mass dependence of the scattering lengths and 
also discuss the limitation of chiral perturbation theory.



\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Study of antiquarks in the proton with a high energy Drell-Yan experiment}}\\
Florian Sanftl
\\
{\it Tokyo Institute of Technology}
 \end{center}

My research is dedicated to experimental particle physics, especially to the quark-gluon structure of
the proton. One way to investigate this sub-structure is by the so-called Drell-Yan process. It takes
place when a quark of one proton and an antiquark of another proton annihilate, creating a virtual
photon which then decays into a pair of oppositely-charged myons. This process also provides
direct access to the anti-quark content of the proton. Due to their similar masses, one would naively
assume that anti-up- and anti-down-quarks exist in equal amounts within the proton. Past
experiments have shown though that the anti-quark content of the proton strongly depends on the
kinematics of the Drell-Yan reaction, namely the Bjorken-x. The data which have been measured by
past experiments were statistically not yet sufficient enough to fully explain the kinematic
dependence. To extend these measurements to larger Bjorken-x, SeaQuest/E906 has been approved
by Fermilab. It is a high rate fixed target experiment using Drell-Yan di-muons produced in 120
GeV proton interactions with hydrogen and deuterium targets. This 120 GeV proton beam will be
provided by the Fermilab Main Injector. The experiment is currently being assembeled at Fermilab.
It is expected to be comissioned in late 2010 and collect data for two years.\\
In my talk I will give an introduction into the physics motivation of the Fermilab SeaQuest/E906
experiment. In addition I will introduce the SeaQuest spectrometer and its Station3-Drift Chambers
which have been designed and will be operated by Shibata laboratory at Tokyo Tech.






\newpage
\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Extended chiral $(\sigma,\pi,\omega)$ mean-field model with Vacuum Fluctuation Corrections}}
\\
Schun T. Uechi$^1$ and Hiroshi Uechi$^2$
\\
{\it $^1$Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, $^2$Osaka Gakuin University
}
 \end{center}



Density-dependent relations among saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter and
hyperonic matter, the coupling ratios (strengths) of hyperon matter, and properties of hadronic
stars are discussed by applying the conserving chiral nonlinear $(\sigma,\pi,\omega)$ hadronic mean-field theory.
The chiral nonlinear $(\sigma,\pi,\omega)$ mean-field theory is an extension of the conserving nonlinear
(nonchiral) $\sigma$-$\omega$ hadronic mean-field theory which is thermodynamically consistent, relativistic
and Lorentz-covariant mean-field theory of hadrons. All the masses of hadrons are produced
by chiral symmetry breaking. By comparing both nonchiral and chiral mean-field approximations,
the effects of chiral symmetry breaking mechanism are investigated in nuclear matter,
hyperonic matter, and neutron stars.

The full relativistic chiral Hartree approximation including vacuum fluctuation corrections
(VFC) is derived and applied to properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars. The divergent
integrals coming from occupied negative energy Dirac vacuum will be rendered finite by
including appropriate counterterms in the current chiral lagrangian. By applying the method
discussed in the linear $\sigma$-$\omega$ mean-field approximation [1] to
the nonlinear  $\sigma$-$\omega$-$\rho$  mean-field
approximation [2], the baryon and meson propagators, self-energies are
defined.

The finite vacuum fluctuation correction to energy density and pressure are included.

\begin{eqnarray}
 &&\Delta {\cal E}_{\TT{VFC}} = -\frac{1}{8 \pi ^2}\sum_{B} 
\left[ M_B^{*4}\ln \left(\frac{M_B^*}{M_B}\right)+M_B^3 (M_B -
										M_B^*)-\frac{7}{2}M_B^2 (M_B -
										M_B^*)^2  \right.\nonumber \\
&&$B!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(B + \left. \frac{13}{3} M_B (M_B -
										M_B^*)^3 -\frac{25}{12} (M_B -
										M_B^*)^4  \right] \\
&&\Delta p_{\TT{VFC}}= -\Delta {\cal E}_{\TT{VFC}} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

(J\(Bbegin{figure}[htbp]
 (J\(Bbegin{center}
  (J\(Bincludegraphics[width=160mm]{uechi_fig_nousam2.eps}
 (J\(Blabel{uechi_fig_1bit.eps}
 (J\(Bend{center}
(J\(Bend{figure}
[1] B. D. Serot and J. D. Walecka, {\it Advances in Nuclear Physics}, edited by J. W. Negele and E. Vogt $B!!!!!!!!(B(Plenum,
New York, 1986), Vol. 16.

[2] H. Uechi, Nucl. Phys. \BB{A780} (2006) 247; H. Uechi, Nucl. Phys. \BB{A 799} (2008) 181.
\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Results from the RHIC Experiments}}
\\
Bedanga Mohanty 
\\
{\it VECC/LBNL}
 \end{center}




The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven
National Laboratory is a dedicated facility to study the
properties of the QCD matter including its phase structure.
RHIC is,at the moment, the world's highest energy heavy-ion
collider and also the world's highest energy polarized
proton collider to study the spin of proton.

This lecture will have three parts. In the first part, we
will discuss various experimental aspects like the
collider facility, two large  detectors, PHENIX and STAR,
and the common observables these detectors measure. The
second part of the talk will focus on experimental observations
related to establishing the Quark Gluon Plasma phase at RHIC.
In this respect will be discuss the experimental observables
related to the initial temperature and energy density of the
system, strangeness enhancement, screening of the heavy-quark
potential and partonic collectivity. In the last part of the
talk,  we will discuss some of the measurements related to
hadronic phase of the system. These will include, the chemical
and kinetic freeze-out properties. We will very briefly discuss
about the experimental results on proton spin degrees of freedom.



\newpage

\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Pairing Correlations in Atomic Nuclei}}
\\
Augusto O. Macchiavelli
\\
{\it Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory}
 \end{center}


In a landmark paper published in 1958,  Bohr, Mottelson and Pines
suggested a possible analogy  between the excitation spectra in nuclei
and those of superconductors.  Subsequent work revealed that pairing 
correlations play a major role in defining many of the properties of atomic 
nuclei.

Today,  the subject is still of much interest to the nuclear structure
community  and it has definite relevance to other finite fermion systems in atomic
and condensed matter physics

In this lecture I will present examples of the experimental evidence of 
pairing in nuclei and review  the basic ingredients required to understand
this phenomenon within a theoretical framework.

I will also discuss some of aspects  being actively pursued, for example:\\
1) The pairing-phase transition,  2) Neutron-proton pairing and 
3) Pairing in weakly bound systems.


\newpage
\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Systematic analyses of three-body and four-body breakup reactions}}
\\
Takuma Matsumoto
\\
{\it Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan}
 \end{center}



The study on neutron-rich nuclei has become one of the central subjects in
nuclear physics. Breakup reactions have played key roles in investigating
the properties of unstable nuclei. One of the most reliable methods for
treating projectile breakup processes is the method of continuum-discretized
coupled channels (CDCC). CDCC has successfully been applied to analyses of
three-body breakup system, in which the projectile breaks up into two
constituents. Recently, we have developed CDCC to treating four-body breakup
reactions with three-body projectile. Thus CDCC is very useful for
systematic analyses of scattering including right unstable nuclei, which
have exotic properties such as the halo structure and the island of
inversion. 

In this talk, I will report results of analyses for $^{11}$Be, $^{15}$C, and $^{6}$He
breakup reactions with nuclear and Coulomb interactions, and discuss for
those structure properties and reaction mechanisms. 


\newpage
\begin{center}
{\large \BB{g-factor measurement for isomeric state of $^{32}$Al\\
 using two-step fragmentation reaction with dispersion matching}}
\\
Y.~Ichikawa$^{1}$,
H.~Ueno$^{1}$,
T.~Furukawa$^{2}$,
Y.~Ishii$^{2}$,
A.~Yoshimi$^{1}$,
D.~Kameda$^{1}$,
H.~Watanabe$^{1}$,
N.~Aoi$^{1}$,
K.~Asahi$^{2}$,
D.~L.~Balabanski$^{3}$,
R.~Chevrier$^{4}$,
J.~M.~Daugas$^{4}$,
N.~Fukuda$^{1}$,
G.~Georgiev$^{5}$,
H.~Hayashi$^{2}$,
H.~Iijima$^{2}$,
N.~Inabe$^{1}$,
T.~Inoue$^{2}$,
T.~Kubo$^{1}$,
T.~Nanao$^{2}$,
T.~Ohnishi$^{1}$,
K.~Suzuki$^{2}$,
M.~Tsuchiya$^{2}$,
H.~Takeda$^{1}$, and 
M.~Rajabali$^{6}$
\\
{\it 
{\small
$^{1}$RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

$^{2}$Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan

$^{3}$Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria

$^{4}$CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France

$^{5}$CSNSM, IN2P3-CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud, F-91404 Orsay, France

$^{6}$Institute voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Univerisiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
}}
 \end{center}

\noindent
We measured the g-factor for the isomeric state of $^{32}$Al [1] at RIKEN
RIBF [2],
using a novel method to produce a radioactive-isotope (RI) beam with high spin-alignment,
that was the two-step fragmentation method with a technique of momentum-dispersion matching.

Studies of nuclear-electromagnetic moments have progressed toward exotic nuclei
far from the stability line using spin-oriented RI beams induced
by the fragmentation reaction [3].
However the production of the spin-orientation is not effective
for nuclei far from the primary beam because of small spin-orientation
for many-nucleon removal reaction.
The new method utilizes the mechanism of the spin-orientation in
the fragmentation reaction [4],
and enables to produce high spin-alignment in isomeric states
for nuclei in any region.
In this method,
a desired nucleus is produced by the one-nucleon removal reaction
as a secondary fragmentation reaction,
in order to achieve a high degree of the spin-alignment.
We should have the secondary reaction at a momentum-dispersive
focal plane of a fragment separator.
By re-focusing the momentum dispersion produced at the primary reaction
under the dispersion-matching condition,
we can achieve the increment of the yield of the desired nucleus
without reducing spin-alignment.

The experiment was carried out at the BigRIPS [5] at RIKEN RIBF.
For the primary reaction, $^{33}$Al was produced by the projectile fragmentation
with a primary $^{48}$Ca beam.
% incident to a $^{9}$Be target.
Then the isomeric state of $^{32}$Al [1] was produced by the one-nucleon
removal reaction from $^{33}$Al at the momentum-dispersive focal plane of BigRIPS
with a selection of a momentum region for the secondary reaction
to produce the spin-alignment.
We employed the time-dependent perturbed angular distribution (TD-PAD) method
to determine the degree of the spin-alignment.
The $^{32}$Al beam was stopped at an annealed Cu target, and the de-excitation $\gamma$ rays
were detected using four Ge detectors located at $\pm45$, $\pm135$ degrees with respect to the beam axis.
Using this method, we obtained an $R(t)$ function representing the anisotropy of the $\gamma$-ray emission.
%which was defined as 
%\[
%R(t) = \frac{N_1(t) - N_2(t)}{N_1(t) + N_2(t)},
%\]
%where $N_1(t)$ and $N_2(t)$ are photo-peak count rates given by the adjacent Ge detectors.
The g-factor of the isomeric state of $^{32}$Al and the degree of the spin-alignment were
determined from the cycle and the amplitude of the $R(t)$ function, respectively.
%In order to test the effectivity of the new method, 
%two-step fragmentation method with momentum-dispersion technique,
%the figure of merit for the method was evaluated and compared with that for the single-step fragmentation.

In this presentation, experimental results of the g-factor measurement using highly spin-aligned beam
of $^{32}$Al are given.

\s

[1] M.Robinson {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. C {\bf 52}, R1465 (1996).

[2] Y.Yano {\it et al.}, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B {\bf 261}, 1009(2007).

[3] K.Asahi {\it et al.}, Phys. Lett. {\bf B251}, 488 (1990).

[4] K.Asahi {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. C {\bf 43}, 456 (1991).

[5] T.Kubo {\it et al.}, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B {\bf 204}, 97 (2003).





\newpage



\begin{center}
{\large \BB{Inclusive Coulomb and nuclear breakup of $^{31}$Ne and $^{22}$C}}
\\
N. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura, and Y. Kondo
\\
{\it  Tokyo Institute of Technology}
 \end{center}

The one-neutron removal cross section from $^{31}$Ne and the two-neutron removal 
cross section from $^{22}$C on a Pb target have been measured at around 230 
MeV/nucleon at the RIBF (RI-Beam Factory) at RIKEN. This principle goal of 
the experiment was to extract the inclusive Coulomb breakup cross sections 
in order to probe possible halo structures through their enhanced low-energy 
E1 strengths - the so-called "soft" E1 excitations. The results indeed 
showed significant enhancement of the one- and two-neutron removal Coulomb 
breakup cross sections for $^{31}$Ne and $^{22}$C, respectively. This in turn provides 
strong evidence for the existence of halos in $^{31}$Ne and $^{22}$C.

In addition to the Coulomb cross sections, the nuclear breakup cross 
sections for $^{31}$Ne and $^{22}$C, together with the parallel momentum distributions 
for $^{30}$Ne and $^{20}$C fragments following reactions on a C target, were measured. 
At the same time, the gamma-rays from these fragments were measured. The 
combination of these data and the Coulomb dissociation cross sections has 
allowed the valence neutron configurations of both nuclei to be deduced.  In 
the light of these results shell structure near the drip-line will be 
discussed.







\end{document}
